The Benefits of Rule-Based Model Checking in BIM with IFC

The construction industry is steadily undergoing a digital transformation, with a growing demand for better model coordination among project stakeholders. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is at the heart of this transformation, not only eliminating ambiguities in project information but also enhancing value by embedding comprehensive data about building assets.

As BIM models become more complex, effective management and verification are crucial to ensure accuracy and compliance with standards. Rule-based model checking provides a structured, repeatable, and automated approach to validating BIM models during the quality assurance process.

Types of Model Checks

Figure 1: Ruleset configuration between Architecture, Structure, and MEP Components

Model checking involves validating different types of data within BIM models, each serving a specific purpose. These checks fall into three broad categories:

• Geometry Checks: Focus on visual and spatial relationships between elements.
• Parametric Checks: Validate the embedded data layer for accuracy and completeness.
• Project Standards Checks: Ensure compliance with specific project, client, or regulatory requirements.

1. Geometry Checks

These checks examine the 3D representation of building assets:

• Clash Detection – Flags physical conflicts between disciplines (e.g., duct running through a beam).
• Distance Validation – Verifies spacing requirements between elements, like service clearances.
• Duplicate Detection – Identifies overlapping or repeated components.
• Presence/Absence – Ensures critical components like doors or MEP fixtures are present.

2. Non-Graphical Data Checks

These checks deal with embedded parameters in model elements:

• Parameter Presence – Ensures essential fields like “LoadBearing” or “FireRating” exist.
• Empty Value Checks – Detects missing or unfilled fields.
• Value Accuracy – Validates against naming rules, case formatting, or data standards such as IFC-SG or COBie.

3. Project Requirements Checks

These validate project-specific rules, often regulatory or performance-driven:

• Design Criteria Compliance – Ensures room sizes, ceiling heights, or daylighting meet design targets.
• Accessibility Checks – Validates corridor widths, ramp slopes, and door clearances.
• Code Compliance – Checks that toilets, emergency exits, or fire compartments meet building code requirements.

These checks can be tailored into reusable rulesets for specific markets. For example, in Singapore, CORENETX submissions require validation against IFC-SG parameters and BCA accessibility guidelines.

Real-World Examples

Example 1: Structural vs MEP Spacing

Figure 2: Example of a structural element violating spacing requirements with MEP components

Requirement: Structural elements must maintain at least 50mm clearance from HVAC components.
Implementation:

• Define rule with two groups: structure vs MEP.
• Run geometry check for minimum distance.
• Flag violations and notify MEP designer to reroute.

Example 2: Floor Naming Standard

Requirement: Floor names must follow a standard format ("01 – Floor", "Roof", etc.).
Implementation:

• Apply rule to the "Level" or "Floor" parameter.
• Enforce list of acceptable values with case-sensitive validation.

Example 3: Structural Load Parameter

Requirement: All structural elements must include a "LoadBearing" parameter.
Implementation:

• Filter structural objects like beams and columns.
• Verify presence and valid values (“Yes” or “No”).

Why Use Rule-Based Model Checking?

Automation and Time Efficiency

Manual checks are slow and inconsistent. Automated rules accelerate review and reduce labor.

Accuracy and Consistency

Uniform rules eliminate ambiguity and enforce consistent standards project-wide.

Early Error Detection

Design flaws are flagged before construction, reducing rework and downstream costs.

Top Tools for Rule-Based BIM Validation

• Solibri Office – IFC-centric, flexible for custom rules and code compliance.
• Navisworks – Strong for clash detection, with plugin support for Revit-based checks.
• BIMcollab ZOOM – Lightweight and easy to use, integrates with issue management platforms.

Prebuilt templates may not fully meet local needs, so working with a BIM consultant or rule configurator is often necessary to meet ISO 19650 and local regulations.

Final Thoughts

Rule-based model checking is critical for BIM quality assurance in multi-disciplinary environments. It bridges the gap between architecture, structure, and MEP coordination—enabling better design dec