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What is LOD in BIM? Understanding BIM From LOD 100-500
- Authors
- Name
- Jane Sison
- about
LOD stands for Level of Development, and it's a framework used in BIM (Building Information Modeling) to define how much detail and information a model element should contain at different stages of a project.
It helps project teams set expectations clearly—so when someone says a model is "LOD 300," everyone knows exactly what that means in terms of geometry, documentation, and data.
LOD Definitions (by BIMForum)
The most widely referenced standard comes from the BIMForum in the US, based on AIA’s original definitions. Here’s a table to help illustrate the different LOD stages:
| LOD | Description |
|---|---|
| LOD 100 | Conceptual. Represents massing and general area. Quantities, size, and shape are approximate. |
| LOD 200 | Generic geometry and layout. Contains approximate location, size, and quantities. May include assumed information. |
| LOD 300 | Accurate geometry and dimensions. Suitable for coordination and construction documentation. |
| LOD 350 | Includes interfaces and supports with other systems (e.g., brackets, hangers). Used for clash detection. |
| LOD 400 | Fabrication-level detail. Includes connections, tolerances, and installation requirements. |
| LOD 500 | Field-verified as-built. Reflects the real-world installed condition. Used for operations and maintenance. |
Why BIM LOD Matters
LOD isn’t just about adding more detail—it’s about adding the right level of detail at the right time. That distinction is important:
Adding unnecessary detail too early can slow down your team and introduce coordination risks.
By using LOD standards, stakeholders like architects, engineers, contractors, and owners can better plan their scope of work, avoid duplication, and track model progress against actual deliverables.
For example, during the design coordination phase, LOD 300 is often sufficient to detect clashes between architecture, structure, and MEP systems. This level strikes the right balance between accuracy and flexibility, especially when coordinating design intent across disciplines.
On the other hand, some firms may only be concerned with delivering a final as-built model. In such cases, it’s more efficient to focus effort on developing and integrating FM-related data into the 3D model closer to the end of the project—rather than front-loading detail too early in the process.
LOD vs LOI vs LOA
You might come across similar terms like:
- LOI (Level of Information) – The non-graphical data (e.g., material, fire rating)
- LOA (Level of Accuracy) – How closely geometry aligns with real-world conditions (often used in Scan-to-BIM workflows)
These are often tracked in tandem with LOD, especially in projects adopting ISO 19650 standards.
Singapore Context: IFC+SG and CORENET X
In Singapore, LOD definitions may also be aligned with IFC+SG requirements and the CORENET X submission process. For instance, BCA requires that submissions for different gates (e.g., e-Submission, TOC, FCC) meet certain LOD thresholds in both geometry and attributes.
To avoid submission rejections, many firms now develop BIM Execution Plans (BEPs) that clearly map out LOD progression by discipline and milestone.
The Importance of BIM LOD
Understanding LOD is essential to delivering BIM projects effectively. It helps define the scope, manage expectations, and reduce misunderstandings. Whether you’re coordinating trades, preparing regulatory submissions, or planning for FM, a clear LOD framework helps bring alignment across the team.
If you’re not sure which LOD level you need—or how to build a compliant BEP—we can help. Reach out to us via our contact page or request a quote via our BIM Cost Calculator.